Setting django web server using uwsgi and nginx on Mac

Prepare work

Install Homebrew to manage your package on mac

因为之前安装了macport来管理软件包，安装homebrew之前想先把macport卸载了。官方文档提示作法如下：

Install virtualenv and pip

Install uWSGI and configuration

create a virtual env and django project for this tutorial

命令：

  $cd ~
  $mkdir env
  $cd env
  $virtualenv uwsgi-tutorial
  # this create a virtual env for this tutorial
  $cd uswgi-tutorial
  $pip install django
  $django-admin.py startproject mysite    # this create a project under uwsgi-tutorial named: mysite

install uWSGI into your virtualenv

命令：

  $pip install uwsgi
  # uwsgi will locate in this place: '/Users/yourname/uswgi-tutorial/bin'

test your uWSGI

命令： # test.py def application(env, start_response): start_response(‘200 OK’, [(‘Content-Type’, ‘text/html’)]) return “Hello World”

  # Run uWSGI
  $uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
  
  
  # The options here means:
  # http :8000: use protocol http, port 80000
  # wsgi-file text.py:load the specified file, test.py
  # on your browser visit: http://127.0.0.1:8000, and you will see "Hello World"
  # if this works, it means the connection as follow
  the web client <->uWSGi<->Python

test your Django project

测试django项目能否正常运行

  $python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
  # visit http:localhost:8000, if this work, run it using uWSGI
  $uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
  # module mysite.wsgi: load the specified wsgi module.
  # this means the connection as follow:
  the web client<->uWSGI<->Django

Basic nginx

install nginx on a mac using Homebrew

使用brew命令来进行相关安装

  $brew install nginx     
  # install nginx in this place: '/usr/local/etc/nginx/'
  # you could start nginx by this command, but you will get some errors, telling you
  # that 'can't find the nginx.conf file'. so we need some default setting for nginx.
  $sudo nginx
  # use the default configuration for nginx
  $sudo cp /urs/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
  $sudo cp /urs/local/etc/nginx/mime.types.default /usr/local/etc/nginx/mime.types
  # now run this command, and visit this address:http://127.0.0.1:8080, and will see
  # some nginx welcom message.
  $sudo nginx

configure nginx for your site

将nginx安装目录下的’uwsgi_params’ 文件拷贝到你的project目录下。

  $sudo cp /usr/local/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params ./
  
  
  # the content inside your nginx configuration file, we name it: 'mysite_nginx.conf'
  
  # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
  upstream django {
      # server unix:////path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a socket
      server 127.0.0.1:8001
  }
  # configuration of the server
  server {
      the port your site will be served on
      listen 8000;
      the domain name it will serve for
      server_name localhost;
      charset utf-8;
  
      max upload size
      client_max_body_size 75M;
  
      # Django media
      location /media {
          alias /path/to/your/mysite/mysite/media; # your django project's media file
      }
      location /static {
          alias /path/to/your/mysite/mysite/static; #your django project's static file.
      }
      # finally, send all non-media requests to the django server.
      location / {
          uwsgi_pass django;
          include /path/to/you/mysite/uwsgi_params;
      }
  }

之后，在nginx的默认配置文件中添加下面命令

  $sudo mkdir /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
  # symlink to this file from '/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/', so nginx can see it.
  $sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
  $vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
  # add this to the end of 'nginx.conf' file, inside the 'http' part before the end '}' char.
  # make nginx to include the file inside 'sites-enabled'
  include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*
  # restart nginx
  $sudo nginx -s stop
  $sudo nginx

nginx and uWSGI

建立uWSGI和nginx关联

命令：

  $uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
  # socket :8001: use protocol uwsgi, port 8001
  # 因为我们已经配置好nginx与uWSGI的8001端口关联了。现在的关系是：
  $the web client<->the web server<->the socket<->uWSGI<->Python

如果一切正常的话，那么我们的nginx与uWSGI之间已经建立了联系，我们的mysite_nginx.conf配置文件也配置正确了。

using unix sockets instead of ports

修改mysite_nginx.conf中的内容，将下列内容的注释取消掉

  server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; #这行的注释取消
  # server 127.0.0.1:8001; #将这行注释掉

再次运行uWSGI:

  $uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py
  # 如果上面的命令运行不了，查看下nginx的日志会发现是权限不足，换做下面的命令
  # nginx的日志默认在这个位置：'/usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.4.1/logs/error.log', 如果是通过'brew'安装的话。
  $uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666 #(very permissive, maybe use 664)

running django application with uwsgi and nginx

运行下列命令：

  $uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666

访问http:127.0.0.1:8000的话应该可以见到django项目的欢迎信息。

configuring uWSGI to run with .xml file

官方文档里面是使用的.ini配置文件，但是尝试了很多次都无法成功，后面改用.xml，it works。至于 .ini为什么不对，原因还不知道。我的.xml配置文件如下：

  # mysite_uwsgi.xml file
  <uwsgi>
    <socket>/path/to/your/mytest/mytest.sock</socket>
    <master/>
    <chdir>/path/to/your/mytest</chdir>
    <module>mytest.wsgi</module>
    <chmod-socket>666</chmod-socket>
  </uwsgi>

然后运行命令，没错的话，应该可以正常运行：

  $uwsgi -x mysite_uwsgi.xml

install uWSGI system-wide and using Emperor mode

install uWSGI system-wide

从virtualenv中退出：

  $deactive

在系统中安装uWSGI

  $sudo pip install uwsgi
  # or install LTS(long term support)
  $sudo pip install http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz
  # 在project mysite下运行测试下是否安装成功
  $uwsgi -x mysite_uwsgi.xml

using emperor mode

命令：

  $sudo mkdir /etc/uwsgi
  $sudo mkdir /etc/uwsgi/vassals
  # symlink from the default config directory to your config file
  $sudo ln -s /path/to/your/mysite/mysite_uwsgi.xml /etc/uwsgi/vassals
  # run the emperor
  $uwsgi --emperor /etc/uwsgi/vassals --uid www-data --gid www-data
  # add 'sudo' maybe.

reference:

uwsgi wiki on readthedocs Django and nginx
install virtualenv and pip Install virtualenv and pip–from v2ex
Django 服务器的选择Django服务器的选择

Published: May 20 2013

category:
programming 4